Rhythmic Movement Training
Rhythmic Bilateral Movement Training Modulates Corticomotor Excitability and Enhances Upper Limb Motricity Poststroke: A Pilot Study: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/8424639_Rhythmic_Bilateral_Movement_Training_Modulates_Corticomotor_Excitability_and_Enhances_Upper_Limb_Motricity_Poststroke_A_Pilot_Study
Evaluation of the effect of training using auditory stimulation on rhythmic movement in Parkinsonian patients—a combined motor and [18F]-FDG PET study: http://ruc.udc.es/dspace/bitstream/2183/14537/5/Olmo_EvaluationEff.pdf
Hearing what the body feels: Auditory encoding of rhythmic movement. Cognition, 105, 533-546: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6603396_Hearing_what_the_body_feels_Auditory_encoding_of_rhythmic_movement._Cognition_105_533-546
The following references can be found at the end of scholarly article: Rhythm, movement, and autism: using rhythmic rehabilitation research as a model for autism - available online from US National Library of Medicine website:: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3610079/Abiru M., Kikuchi Y., Tokita K., Mihara Y., Fujimoto M., Mihara B. (2008). The effects of neurologic music therapy on gait disturbance in a cerebellar ataxia: a case study. Gunma Med. J. 87, 213–218
Adams J. A., Chambers R. W. (1962). Response to simultaneous stimulation with two sense modalities. J. Exp. Psychol. 63, 198–206 [PubMed]
Akshoomoff N. A., Courchesne E., Townsend J. (1997). Attention coordination and anticipatory control. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 41, 575–598 [PubMed]
Allen G., Courchesne E. (1998). The cerebellum and non-motor function: clinical implications. Mol. Psychiatry 3, 207–210 [PubMed]
Allen G., Courchesne E. (2003). Differential effects of developmental cerebellar abnormality on cognitive and motor functions in the cerebellum: an fMRI study of autism. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 262–273 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.262 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Allen G., Müller R. A., Courchesne E. (2004). Cerebellar function in autism: functional magnetic resonance image activation during a simple motor task. Biol. Psychiatry 56, 269–278 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.005 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Altenmüller E., Marco-Pallares J., Münte T. F., Schneider S. (2009). Neural reorganization underlies improvement in stroke-induced motor dysfunction by music-supported therapy. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1169, 395–405 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04580.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders, 4th Edn., Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
Arias P., Cudeiro J. (2008). Effects of rhythmic sensory stimulation (auditory, visual) on gait in Parkinson's disease patients. Exp. Brain Res. 186, 589–601 10.1007/s00221-007-1263-y [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bangert M., Peschel T., Schlaug G., Rotte M., Drescher D., Hinrichs H., et al. (2006). Shared networks for auditory and motor processing in professional pianists: evidence from fMRI conjunction. Neuroimage 30, 917–926 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.044 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bengtsson S. L., Ullén F., Ehrsson H. H., Hashimoto T., Kito T., Naito E., et al. (2009). Listening to rhythms activates motor and premotor cortices. Cortex 45, 62–71 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.07.002 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bermudez P., Zatorre R. J. (2005). Differences in gray matter between musicians and nonmusicians. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1060, 395–399 10.1196/annals.1360.057 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Block H. J., Bastian A. J. (2012). Cerebellar involvement in motor but not sensory adaptation. Neuropsychologia 50, 1766–1775 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.034 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bonnel A., McAdams S., Smith B., Berthiaume C., Bertone A., Ciocca V., et al. (2010). Enhanced pure-tone pitch discrimination among persons with autism but not Asperger syndrome. Neuropsychologia 48, 2465–2475 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.020 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bonnel A., Mottron L., Peretz I., Trudel M., Gallun E., Bonnel A. M. (2003). Enhanced pitch sensitivity in individuals with autism: a signal detection analysis. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15, 226–235 10.1162/089892903321208169 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bower J. (1996). Perhaps it's time to completely rethink cerebellar function. Behav. Brain Sci. 19, 438–439
Bradt J., Magee W. L., Dileo C., Wheeler B. L., McGilloway E. (2010). Music therapy for acquired brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 7: CD006787 10.1002/14651858.CD006787.pub2 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Brownell M. (2002). Musically adapted social stories to modify behaviors in students with autism: four case studies. J. Music Ther. 39, 117–144 [PubMed]
Carper R. A., Courchesne E. (2000). Inverse correlation between frontal lobe and cerebellum sizes in children with autism. Brain 123, 836–844 10.1093/brain/123.4.836 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Ciaranello A. L., Ciaranello R. D. (1995). The neurobiology of infantile autism. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 101–128 10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.000533 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Courchesne E., Allen G. (1997). Prediction and preparation, fundamental functions of the cerebellum. Learn. Mem. 4, 1–35 10.1101/lm.4.1.1 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
David F. J., Baranek G. T., Giuliani C. A., Mercer V. S., Poe M. D., Thorpe D. E. (2009). A pilot study: coordination of precision grip in children and adolescents with high functioning autism. Pediatr. Phys. Ther. 21, 205–211 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181a3afc2 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
de Dreu M. J., van der Wilk A. S., Poppe E., Kwakkel G., van Wegen E. E. (2012). Rehabilitation, exercise therapy and music in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of the effects of music-based movement therapy on walking ability, balance and quality of life. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 18, S114–S119 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70036-0 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
de l'Etoile S. K. (2008). The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on the gait parameters of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: an exploratory pilot study. Int. J. Rehabil. Res. 31, 155 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f44 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Dewey D. (1995). What is developmental dyspraxia? [Review]. Brain Cogn. 29, 254–274 [PubMed]
Dewey D., Cantell M., Crawford S. G. (2007). Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 13, 246–256 10.1017/S1355617707070270 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Donnellan A. M., Hill D. A., Leary M. R. (2012). Rethinking autism: implication of sensory and movement differences for understanding and support. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 6: 124 10.3389/fnint.2012.00124 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Dziuk M. A., Larson J. C., Apostu A., Mahone E. M., Denckla M. B., Mostofsky S. H. (2007). Dyspraxia in autism: association with motor, social, and communicative deficits. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 49, 734–739 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00734.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Fabbri-Destro M., Cattaneo L., Boria S., Rizzolatti G. (2009). Planning actions in autism. Exp. Brain Res. 192, 521–525 10.1007/s00221-008-1578-3 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Falter C. M., Noreika V., Wearden J. H., Bailey A. J. (2012). More consistent, yet less sensitive: interval timing in autism spectrum disorders. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 65, 2093–2107 10.1080/17470218.2012.690770 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Fatemi S. H., Aldinger K. A., Ashwood P., Bauman M. L., Blaha C. D., Blatt G. J., et al. (2012). Consensus paper: pathological role of the cerebellum in autism. Cerebellum 11, 777–807 10.1007/s12311-012-0355-9 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Finnigan E., Starr E. (2010). Increasing social responsiveness in a child with autism: a comparison of music and non-music interventions. Autism 14, 321–348 10.1177/1362361309357747 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Fisher B. E., Boyd L., Winstein C. J. (2006). Contralateral cerebellar damage impairs imperative planning but not updating of aimed arm movements in humans. Exp. Brain Res. 174, 453–466 10.1007/s00221-006-0482-y [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Gaser C., Schlaug G. (2003). Gray matter differences between musicians and nonmusicians. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 999, 514–517 10.1196/annals.1284.062 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Gerloff C., Richard J., Hadley J., Schulman A. E., Honda M., Hallett M. (1998). Functional coupling and regional activation of human cortical motor areas during simple, internally paced and externally paced finger movements. Brain 121, 1513–1531 10.1093/brain/121.8.1513 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Ghaziuddin M., Butler E. (1998). Clumsiness in autism and AS: a further report. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 42, 43–48 [PubMed]
Gidley Larson J., Bastian A., Donchin O., Shadmehr R., Mostofsky S. H. (2008). Acquisition of internal models of motor tasks in children with autism. Brain 131, 2894–2903 10.1093/brain/awn226 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
González J., Yu W. (2009). Multichannel audio aided dynamical perception for prosthetic hand biofeedback, in Rehabilitation Robot International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics CORR'09 (Kyoto: ), 240–245
González J., Yu W., Arieta A. H. (2010). Multichannel audio biofeedback for dynamical coupling between prosthetic hands and their users. Ind. Rob. 37, 148–156
Hallett M., Lebiedowska M. K., Thomas S. L., Stanhope S. J., Denckla M. B., Rumsey J. (1993). Locomotion of autistic adults. Arch. Neurol. 50, 1304–1308 10.1001/archneur.1993.00540120019007 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hardan A. Y., Minshew N. J., Harenski K., Keshavan M. (2001). Posterior fossa magnetic resonance imaging in autism. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 40, 666–672 10.1097/00004583-200106000-00011 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hayden R., Clair A. A., Johnson G., Otto D. (2009). The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on physical therapy outcomes for patients in gait training following stroke: a feasibility study. Int. J. Neurosci. 119, 2183–2195 10.3109/00207450903152609 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hilton C. L., Zhang Y., Whilte M. R., Klohr C. L., Constantino J. (2012). Motor impairment in sibling pairs concordant and discordant for autism spectrum disorders. Autism 16, 430–441 10.1177/1362361311423018 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Holmes G. (1939). The cerebellum of man. Brain 30, 466–488
Howe T. E., Lovgreen B., Cody F. W., Ashton V. J., Oldham J. A. (2003). Auditory cues can modify the gait of persons with early-stage Parkinson's disease: a method for enhancing Parkinsonian walking performance? Clin. Rehabil. 17, 363–367 10.1191/0269215503cr621oa [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hurt C. P., Rice R. R., McIntosh G. C., Thaut M. H. (1998). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for patients with traumatic brain injury. J. Music Ther. 35, 228–241 [PubMed]
Hyde K. L., Lerch J., Norton A., Forgeard M., Winner E., Evans A. C., et al. (2009). Musical training shapes structural brain development. J. Neurosci. 29, 3019–3025 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5118-08.2009 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Imfeld A., Oechslin M. S., Meyer M., Loenneker T., Jancke L. (2009). White matter plasticity in the corticospinal tract of musicians: a diffusion tensor imaging study, Neuroimage 46, 600–607 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.025 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Kadivar Z., Corcos D. M., Foto J., Hondzinski J. M. (2011). Effect of step training and rhythmic auditory stimulation on functional performance in Parkinson patients. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 25, 626–635 10.1177/1545968311401627 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Kanner L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nerv. Child 2, 217–250
Kemper T. L., Bauman M. L. (1998). Neuropathology of infantile autism. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 57, 645–652 [PubMed]
Kenyon G. P., Thaut M. H. (2000). A measure of kinematic limb instability modulation by rhythmic auditory stimulation. J. Biomech. 33, 1319–1323 [PubMed]
Kern P., Aldridge D. (2006). Using embedded music therapy interventions to support outdoor play of young children with autism in an inclusive community-based child care program. J. Music Ther. 43, 270–294 [PubMed]
Kern P., Humpal M. (2012). Early Childhood Music Therapy and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developing Potential in Young Children and Their Families. Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley
Kim J., Wigram T., Gold C. (2008). The effects of improvisational music therapy on joint attention behaviors in autistic children: a randomized control trial. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 38, 1758–1766 10.1007/s10803-008-0566-6 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Krause V., Schnitzler A., Pollok B. (2010). Functional network interactions during sensorimotor synchronization in musicians and non-musicians. Neuroimage 52, 245–251 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.081 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Lahav A., Saltzman E., Schlaug G. (2007). Action representation of sound: audiomotor recognition network while listening to newly acquired actions. J. Neurosci. 27, 308–314 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4822-06.2007 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Lai G., Pantazatos S., Schneider H., Hirsch J. (2012). Neural systems for speech and song in autism. Brain 135(Pt 3), 961–975 10.1093/brain/awr335 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Lim H. A. (2010). Effects of “Developmental Speech and Language Training through Music” on speech production in children with autism spectrum disorders. J. Music Ther. 47, 2–26 [PubMed]
Luft A. R., McCombe-Waller S., Whitall J., Forrester L. W., Macko R., Sorkin J. D., et al. (2004). Repetitive bilateral arm training and motor cortex activation in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292, 1853–1861 10.1001/jama.292.15.1853 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Luo C., Guo Z. W., Lai Y. X., Liao W., Liu Q., Kendrick K. M., et al. (2012). Musical training induces functional plasticity in perceptual and motor networks: insights from resting-state FMRI. PLoS ONE 7: e36568 10.1371/journal.pone.0036568 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
MacNeil L. K., Mostofsky S. H. (2012). Specificity of dyspraxia in children with autism. Neuropsychology 26, 165–171 10.1037/a0026955 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Malcolm M. P., Lavine A., Kenyon G., Massie C., Thaut M. (2008). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation interrupts phase synchronization during rhythmic motor entrainment. Neurosci. Lett. 435, 240–245 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.055 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Malcolm M. P., Massie C., Thaut M. (2009). Rhythmic auditory-motor entrainment improves hemiparetic arm kinematics during reaching movements: a pilot study. Top. Stroke Rehabil. 16, 69–79 10.1310/tsr1601-69 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
McIntosh G. C., Brown S. H., Rice R. R., Thaut M. H. (1997). Rhythmic auditory-motor facilitation of gait patterns in patients with Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 62, 22–26 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Miller R. A., Thaut M. H., McIntosh G. C., Rice R. R. (1996). Components of EMG symmetry and variability in parkinsonian and healthy elderly gait. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 101, 1–7 [PubMed]
Ming X., Brimacombe M., Wagner G. C. (2007). Prevalence of motor impairment in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Dev. 29, 563–570 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.03.002 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Minshew N. J. (1994). In vivo neuroanatomy of autism: neuroimaging studies, in The Neurobiology of Autism, eds Bauman M. L., Kemper T. L., editors. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; ), 66–85
Molinari M., Leggio M. H., Cerasa A., Thaut M. H. (2005). Sensorimotor transduction of time information is preserved in subjects with cerebellar damage. Brain Res. Bull. 67, 448–458 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.07.014 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Molinari M., Leggio M. G., Thaut M. H. (2007). The cerebellum and neural networks for rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization in the human brain. Cerebellum 6, 18–23 10.1080/14734220601142886 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Mostofsky S. H., Burgess M. P., Gidley Larson J. C. (2007). Increased motor cortex white matter volume predicts motor impairment in autism. Brain 130, 2117–2122 10.1093/brain/awm129 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Mostofsky S. H., Dubey P., Jerath V. K., Jansiewicz E. M., Goldberg M. C., Denckla M. B. (2006). Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 12, 314–326 [PubMed]
Murakami J. W., Courchesne E., Press G. A., Yeung-Courchesne R., Hesselink J. R. (1989). Reduced cerebellar hemisphere size and its relationship to vermal hypoplasia in autism. Arch. Neurol. 46, 689–694 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520420111032 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Neugebauer C. T., Serghiou M., Herndon D. N., Suman O. E. (2008). Effects of a 12-week rehabilitation program with music and exercise groups on range of motion in young children with severe burns. J. Burn Care Res. 29, 939–948 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31818b9e0e [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Nishawala M. (2012). Autism Changes in the DSM V: A Step Toward Clarifying a Confusing Diagnosis. Available online at: http://www.aboutourkids.org/articles/autism_changes_in_dsm_v_step_toward_clarifying_confusing_diagnosis
Ouimet T., Foster N. E., Tryfon A., Hyde K. L. (2012). Auditory-musical processing in autism spectrum disorders: a review of behavioral and brain imaging studies. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1252, 325–331 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06453.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Özdemir E., Norton A., Schlaug G. (2006). Shared and distinct neural correlates of singing and speaking. Neuroimage 33, 628–635 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.013 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Pascual-Leone A. (2001). The brain that plays music and is changed by it. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 930, 315–329 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05741.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Patel A. D. (2011). Why would musical training benefit the neural encoding of speech? The OPERA hypothesis. Front. Psychol. 2: 142 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Penhune V. B., Zatorre R. J., Evans A. C. (1998). Cerebellar contributions to motor timing: a PET study of auditory and visual rhythm reproduction. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 10, 752–765 [PubMed]
Peretz I., Zatorre R. J. (2005). Brain organization for music processing. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 56, 89–114 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070225 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Pierce K., Courchesne E. (2001). Evidence for a cerebellar role in reduced exploration and stereotyped behavior in autism. Biol. Psychiatry 49, 655–664 [PubMed]
Prassas S. G., Thaut M. H., McIntosh G. C., Rice R. R. (1997). Effect of auditory rhythmic cuing on gait kinematic parameters in stroke patients. Gait Posture 6, 218–223
Rinehart N. J., Bradshaw J. L., Brereton A. V., Tonge B. J. (2001). Movement preparation in high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder: a serial choice reaction time task involving motor reprogramming. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 31, 79–88 [PubMed]
Rinehart N. J., Tonge B. J., Iansek R., McGinley J., Brereton A., Enticott P., et al. (2006). Gait function in newly diagnosed children with autism: cerebellar and basal ganglia related motor disorder. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 48, 819–824 10.1017/S0012162206001769 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Robinson F. R. (1995). Role of the cerebellum in movement control and adaptation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5, 755–762 10.1016/0959-4388(95)80103-0 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Robledo J., Donnellan A. M., Strandt-Conroy K. (2012). An exploration of sensory and movement differences from the perspective of individuals with autism. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 6: 107 10.3389/fnint.2012.00107 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Rochester L., Burn D. J., Woods G., Godwin J., Nieuwboer A. (2009). Does auditory rhythmical cueing improve gait in people with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment? A feasibility study. Mov. Disord. 24, 839–845 10.1002/mds.22400 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Roerdink M., Lamoth C. J. C., Kwakkel G., van Wieringen P. C. W., Beek P. J. (2007). Gait coordination after stroke: benefits of acoustically paced treadmill walking. Phys. Ther. 87, 1009–1022 10.2522/ptj.20050394 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Roerdink M., Lamoth C. J. C., van Kordelaar J., Elich P., Konijnenbelt M., Kwakkel G., et al. (2009). Rhythm perturbations in acoustically paced treadmill walking after stroke. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 23, 668–678 10.1177/1545968309332879 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Rossignol S., Melvill Jones G. (1976). Audiospinal influences in man studied by the h-reflex and its possible role in rhythmic movement synchronized to sound. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 41, 203–208 [PubMed]
Schlaug G., Forgeard M., Zhu L., Norton A., Norton A., Winner E. (2009a). Training-induced neuroplasticity in young children. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1169, 205–208 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04842.x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Schlaug G., Marchina S., Norton A. (2009b). Evidence for plasticity in white-matter tracts of patients with chronic Broca's aphasia undergoing intense intonation-based speech therapy. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1169, 385–394 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04587.x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Schmahmann J. D., Pandya D. N. (2008). Disconnection syndromes of basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebrocerebellar systems. Cortex 44, 1037–1066 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.04.004 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Schmidt R. (1968). Anticipation and timing in human motor performance. Psychol. Bull. 70, 631–646
Schmitz C., Martineau J., Barthelemy C., Assaiante C. (2003). Motor control and children with autism: deficit of anticipatory function? Neurosci. Lett. 348, 17–20 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00644-X [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Sparks B. F., Friedman S. D., Shaw D. W., Aylward E. H., Echelard D., Artru A. A., et al. (2002). Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Neurology 59, 184–192 [PubMed]
Stanutz S., Wapnick J., Burack J. (2012). Pitch discrimination and melodic memory in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1177/1362361312462905 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Staples K. L., Reid G. (2010). Fundamental movement skills and autism spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 40, 209–217 10.1007/s10803-009-0854-9 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Stephan K. M., Thaut M. H., Wunderlich G., Schicks W., Tian B., Tellmann L., et al. (2002). Conscious and subconscious sensorimotor synchronization–prefrontal cortex and the influence of awareness. Neuroimage 15, 345–352 10.1006/nimg.2001.0929 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Sutton K. (1984). The development and implementation of a music therapy physiological measures test. J. Music Ther. 21, 160–169
Tecchio F., Salustri C., Thaut M. H., Pasqualetti P., Rossini P. M. (2000). Conscious and preconscious adaptation to rhythmic auditory stimuli: a magnetoencephalographic study of human brain responses. Exp. Brain Res. 135, 222–230 10.1007/s002210000507 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Teitelbaum P., Teitelbaum O., Fryman J., Maurer R. (2002). Infantile reflexes gone astray in autism. J. Dev. Learn Disord. 6, 15–22 10.1073/pnas.0403919101 [Cross Ref]
Teitelbaum P., Teitelbaum O., Nye J., Fryman J., Maurer R. (1998). Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 13982–13987 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13982 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H. (1988). Rhythmic intervention techniques in music therapy with gross motor dysfunction. Arts Psychother. 15, 127–137
Thaut M. H. (2005). Rhythm, Music, and the Brain. London: Taylor and Francis
Thaut M. H., Abiru M. (2010). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in rehabilitation of movement disorders: a review of current research. Music Percept. 27, 263–269
Thaut M. H., DeMartin M., Sanes J. N. (2008). Brain networks for integrative rhythm formation. PLoS ONE 3: e2312 10.1371/journal.pone.0002312 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H., Kenyon G. P., Hurt C. P., McIntosh G. C., Hoemberg V. (2002). Kinematic optimization of spatiotemporal patterns in paretic arm training with stroke patients. Neuropsychologia 40, 1073–1081 10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00141-5 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H., Kenyon G. P., Schauer M. L., McIntosh G. C. (1999a). The connection between rhythmicity and brain function: implications for therapy of movement disorders. Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 18, 101–108 [PubMed]
Thaut M. H., Miltner R., Lange H. W., Hurt C. P., Hoemberg V. (1999b). Velocity modulation and rhythmic synchronization of gait in Huntington's disease. Mov. Disord. 14, 808–819 [PubMed]
Thaut M. H., McIntosh K. H., McIntosh G. C., Hoemberg V. (2001). Auditory rhythmicity enhances movement and speech motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease. Funct. Neurol. 16, 163–172 [PubMed]
Thaut M. H., McIntosh G. C., Rice R. R. (1997). Rhythmic facilitation of gait training in hemiparetic stroke rehabilitation. J. Neurol. Sci. 151, 207–212 [PubMed]
Thaut M. H., McIntosh G. C., Rice R. R., Miller R. A., Rathbun J., Brault J. M. (1996). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for Parkinson's disease patients. Mov. Disord. 11, 193–200 10.1002/mds.870110213 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H., Peterson D. A., McIntosh G. C. (2005). Temporal entrainment of cognitive functions: musical mnemonics induce brain plasticity and oscillatory synchrony in neural networks underlying memory. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1060, 243–254 10.1196/annals.1360.017 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H., Stephan K. M., Wunderlich G., Schicks W., Tellmann L., Herzog H., et al. (2009). Distinct cortico-cerebellar activations in rhythmic auditory motor synchronization. Cortex 45, 44–53 10.1016/j.cortex.2007.09.009 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Vanvuchelen M., Roeyers H., De Weerdt W. (2007). Nature of motor imitation problems in school-aged boys with autism: a motor or a cognitive problem? Autism 11, 225–240 10.1177/1362361307076846 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Vernazza-Martin S., Martin N., Vernazza A., Lepellec-Muller A., Rufo M., Massion J., et al. (2005). Goal directed locomotion and balance control in autistic children. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 35, 91–102 10.1007/s10803-004-1037-3 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Wan C. Y., Bazen L., Baars R., Libenson A., Zipse L., Zuk J., et al. (2011). Auditory-motor mapping training as an intervention to facilitate speech output in non-verbal children with autism: a proof of concept study. PLoS ONE 6: e25505 10.1371/journal.pone.0025505 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Whitall J., Waller S. M., Sorkin J. D., Forrester L. W., Macko R. F., Hanley D. F., et al. (2011). Bilateral and unilateral arm training improve motor function through differing neuroplastic mechanisms: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 25, 118–129 10.1177/1545968310380685 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Whyatt C. P., Craig C. M. (2012). Motor skills in children aged 7-10 years, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 42, 1799–1809 10.1007/s10803-011-1421-8 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Wing L., Gould J., Gillberg C. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders in the DSM-V: better or worse than the DSM-IV? Res. Dev. Disabil. 32, 768–773 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.11.003 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Zatorre R. J., Chen J. L., Penhune V. B. (2007). When the brain plays music: auditory-motor interactions in music perception and production. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 547–558 10.1038/nrn2152 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Evaluation of the effect of training using auditory stimulation on rhythmic movement in Parkinsonian patients—a combined motor and [18F]-FDG PET study: http://ruc.udc.es/dspace/bitstream/2183/14537/5/Olmo_EvaluationEff.pdf
Hearing what the body feels: Auditory encoding of rhythmic movement. Cognition, 105, 533-546: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6603396_Hearing_what_the_body_feels_Auditory_encoding_of_rhythmic_movement._Cognition_105_533-546
The following references can be found at the end of scholarly article: Rhythm, movement, and autism: using rhythmic rehabilitation research as a model for autism - available online from US National Library of Medicine website:: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3610079/Abiru M., Kikuchi Y., Tokita K., Mihara Y., Fujimoto M., Mihara B. (2008). The effects of neurologic music therapy on gait disturbance in a cerebellar ataxia: a case study. Gunma Med. J. 87, 213–218
Adams J. A., Chambers R. W. (1962). Response to simultaneous stimulation with two sense modalities. J. Exp. Psychol. 63, 198–206 [PubMed]
Akshoomoff N. A., Courchesne E., Townsend J. (1997). Attention coordination and anticipatory control. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 41, 575–598 [PubMed]
Allen G., Courchesne E. (1998). The cerebellum and non-motor function: clinical implications. Mol. Psychiatry 3, 207–210 [PubMed]
Allen G., Courchesne E. (2003). Differential effects of developmental cerebellar abnormality on cognitive and motor functions in the cerebellum: an fMRI study of autism. Am. J. Psychiatry 160, 262–273 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.262 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Allen G., Müller R. A., Courchesne E. (2004). Cerebellar function in autism: functional magnetic resonance image activation during a simple motor task. Biol. Psychiatry 56, 269–278 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.005 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Altenmüller E., Marco-Pallares J., Münte T. F., Schneider S. (2009). Neural reorganization underlies improvement in stroke-induced motor dysfunction by music-supported therapy. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1169, 395–405 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04580.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders, 4th Edn., Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
Arias P., Cudeiro J. (2008). Effects of rhythmic sensory stimulation (auditory, visual) on gait in Parkinson's disease patients. Exp. Brain Res. 186, 589–601 10.1007/s00221-007-1263-y [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bangert M., Peschel T., Schlaug G., Rotte M., Drescher D., Hinrichs H., et al. (2006). Shared networks for auditory and motor processing in professional pianists: evidence from fMRI conjunction. Neuroimage 30, 917–926 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.10.044 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bengtsson S. L., Ullén F., Ehrsson H. H., Hashimoto T., Kito T., Naito E., et al. (2009). Listening to rhythms activates motor and premotor cortices. Cortex 45, 62–71 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.07.002 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bermudez P., Zatorre R. J. (2005). Differences in gray matter between musicians and nonmusicians. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1060, 395–399 10.1196/annals.1360.057 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Block H. J., Bastian A. J. (2012). Cerebellar involvement in motor but not sensory adaptation. Neuropsychologia 50, 1766–1775 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.034 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bonnel A., McAdams S., Smith B., Berthiaume C., Bertone A., Ciocca V., et al. (2010). Enhanced pure-tone pitch discrimination among persons with autism but not Asperger syndrome. Neuropsychologia 48, 2465–2475 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.04.020 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bonnel A., Mottron L., Peretz I., Trudel M., Gallun E., Bonnel A. M. (2003). Enhanced pitch sensitivity in individuals with autism: a signal detection analysis. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 15, 226–235 10.1162/089892903321208169 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Bower J. (1996). Perhaps it's time to completely rethink cerebellar function. Behav. Brain Sci. 19, 438–439
Bradt J., Magee W. L., Dileo C., Wheeler B. L., McGilloway E. (2010). Music therapy for acquired brain injury. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 7: CD006787 10.1002/14651858.CD006787.pub2 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Brownell M. (2002). Musically adapted social stories to modify behaviors in students with autism: four case studies. J. Music Ther. 39, 117–144 [PubMed]
Carper R. A., Courchesne E. (2000). Inverse correlation between frontal lobe and cerebellum sizes in children with autism. Brain 123, 836–844 10.1093/brain/123.4.836 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Ciaranello A. L., Ciaranello R. D. (1995). The neurobiology of infantile autism. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 18, 101–128 10.1146/annurev.ne.18.030195.000533 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Courchesne E., Allen G. (1997). Prediction and preparation, fundamental functions of the cerebellum. Learn. Mem. 4, 1–35 10.1101/lm.4.1.1 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
David F. J., Baranek G. T., Giuliani C. A., Mercer V. S., Poe M. D., Thorpe D. E. (2009). A pilot study: coordination of precision grip in children and adolescents with high functioning autism. Pediatr. Phys. Ther. 21, 205–211 10.1097/PEP.0b013e3181a3afc2 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
de Dreu M. J., van der Wilk A. S., Poppe E., Kwakkel G., van Wegen E. E. (2012). Rehabilitation, exercise therapy and music in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of the effects of music-based movement therapy on walking ability, balance and quality of life. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 18, S114–S119 10.1016/S1353-8020(11)70036-0 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
de l'Etoile S. K. (2008). The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation on the gait parameters of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: an exploratory pilot study. Int. J. Rehabil. Res. 31, 155 10.1097/MRR.0b013e3282fc0f44 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Dewey D. (1995). What is developmental dyspraxia? [Review]. Brain Cogn. 29, 254–274 [PubMed]
Dewey D., Cantell M., Crawford S. G. (2007). Motor and gestural performance in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 13, 246–256 10.1017/S1355617707070270 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Donnellan A. M., Hill D. A., Leary M. R. (2012). Rethinking autism: implication of sensory and movement differences for understanding and support. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 6: 124 10.3389/fnint.2012.00124 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Dziuk M. A., Larson J. C., Apostu A., Mahone E. M., Denckla M. B., Mostofsky S. H. (2007). Dyspraxia in autism: association with motor, social, and communicative deficits. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 49, 734–739 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00734.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Fabbri-Destro M., Cattaneo L., Boria S., Rizzolatti G. (2009). Planning actions in autism. Exp. Brain Res. 192, 521–525 10.1007/s00221-008-1578-3 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Falter C. M., Noreika V., Wearden J. H., Bailey A. J. (2012). More consistent, yet less sensitive: interval timing in autism spectrum disorders. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 65, 2093–2107 10.1080/17470218.2012.690770 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Fatemi S. H., Aldinger K. A., Ashwood P., Bauman M. L., Blaha C. D., Blatt G. J., et al. (2012). Consensus paper: pathological role of the cerebellum in autism. Cerebellum 11, 777–807 10.1007/s12311-012-0355-9 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Finnigan E., Starr E. (2010). Increasing social responsiveness in a child with autism: a comparison of music and non-music interventions. Autism 14, 321–348 10.1177/1362361309357747 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Fisher B. E., Boyd L., Winstein C. J. (2006). Contralateral cerebellar damage impairs imperative planning but not updating of aimed arm movements in humans. Exp. Brain Res. 174, 453–466 10.1007/s00221-006-0482-y [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Gaser C., Schlaug G. (2003). Gray matter differences between musicians and nonmusicians. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 999, 514–517 10.1196/annals.1284.062 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Gerloff C., Richard J., Hadley J., Schulman A. E., Honda M., Hallett M. (1998). Functional coupling and regional activation of human cortical motor areas during simple, internally paced and externally paced finger movements. Brain 121, 1513–1531 10.1093/brain/121.8.1513 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Ghaziuddin M., Butler E. (1998). Clumsiness in autism and AS: a further report. J. Intellect. Disabil. Res. 42, 43–48 [PubMed]
Gidley Larson J., Bastian A., Donchin O., Shadmehr R., Mostofsky S. H. (2008). Acquisition of internal models of motor tasks in children with autism. Brain 131, 2894–2903 10.1093/brain/awn226 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
González J., Yu W. (2009). Multichannel audio aided dynamical perception for prosthetic hand biofeedback, in Rehabilitation Robot International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics CORR'09 (Kyoto: ), 240–245
González J., Yu W., Arieta A. H. (2010). Multichannel audio biofeedback for dynamical coupling between prosthetic hands and their users. Ind. Rob. 37, 148–156
Hallett M., Lebiedowska M. K., Thomas S. L., Stanhope S. J., Denckla M. B., Rumsey J. (1993). Locomotion of autistic adults. Arch. Neurol. 50, 1304–1308 10.1001/archneur.1993.00540120019007 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hardan A. Y., Minshew N. J., Harenski K., Keshavan M. (2001). Posterior fossa magnetic resonance imaging in autism. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 40, 666–672 10.1097/00004583-200106000-00011 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hayden R., Clair A. A., Johnson G., Otto D. (2009). The effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS) on physical therapy outcomes for patients in gait training following stroke: a feasibility study. Int. J. Neurosci. 119, 2183–2195 10.3109/00207450903152609 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hilton C. L., Zhang Y., Whilte M. R., Klohr C. L., Constantino J. (2012). Motor impairment in sibling pairs concordant and discordant for autism spectrum disorders. Autism 16, 430–441 10.1177/1362361311423018 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Holmes G. (1939). The cerebellum of man. Brain 30, 466–488
Howe T. E., Lovgreen B., Cody F. W., Ashton V. J., Oldham J. A. (2003). Auditory cues can modify the gait of persons with early-stage Parkinson's disease: a method for enhancing Parkinsonian walking performance? Clin. Rehabil. 17, 363–367 10.1191/0269215503cr621oa [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Hurt C. P., Rice R. R., McIntosh G. C., Thaut M. H. (1998). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for patients with traumatic brain injury. J. Music Ther. 35, 228–241 [PubMed]
Hyde K. L., Lerch J., Norton A., Forgeard M., Winner E., Evans A. C., et al. (2009). Musical training shapes structural brain development. J. Neurosci. 29, 3019–3025 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5118-08.2009 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Imfeld A., Oechslin M. S., Meyer M., Loenneker T., Jancke L. (2009). White matter plasticity in the corticospinal tract of musicians: a diffusion tensor imaging study, Neuroimage 46, 600–607 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.025 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Kadivar Z., Corcos D. M., Foto J., Hondzinski J. M. (2011). Effect of step training and rhythmic auditory stimulation on functional performance in Parkinson patients. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 25, 626–635 10.1177/1545968311401627 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Kanner L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nerv. Child 2, 217–250
Kemper T. L., Bauman M. L. (1998). Neuropathology of infantile autism. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 57, 645–652 [PubMed]
Kenyon G. P., Thaut M. H. (2000). A measure of kinematic limb instability modulation by rhythmic auditory stimulation. J. Biomech. 33, 1319–1323 [PubMed]
Kern P., Aldridge D. (2006). Using embedded music therapy interventions to support outdoor play of young children with autism in an inclusive community-based child care program. J. Music Ther. 43, 270–294 [PubMed]
Kern P., Humpal M. (2012). Early Childhood Music Therapy and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Developing Potential in Young Children and Their Families. Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley
Kim J., Wigram T., Gold C. (2008). The effects of improvisational music therapy on joint attention behaviors in autistic children: a randomized control trial. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 38, 1758–1766 10.1007/s10803-008-0566-6 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Krause V., Schnitzler A., Pollok B. (2010). Functional network interactions during sensorimotor synchronization in musicians and non-musicians. Neuroimage 52, 245–251 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.081 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Lahav A., Saltzman E., Schlaug G. (2007). Action representation of sound: audiomotor recognition network while listening to newly acquired actions. J. Neurosci. 27, 308–314 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4822-06.2007 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Lai G., Pantazatos S., Schneider H., Hirsch J. (2012). Neural systems for speech and song in autism. Brain 135(Pt 3), 961–975 10.1093/brain/awr335 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Lim H. A. (2010). Effects of “Developmental Speech and Language Training through Music” on speech production in children with autism spectrum disorders. J. Music Ther. 47, 2–26 [PubMed]
Luft A. R., McCombe-Waller S., Whitall J., Forrester L. W., Macko R., Sorkin J. D., et al. (2004). Repetitive bilateral arm training and motor cortex activation in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 292, 1853–1861 10.1001/jama.292.15.1853 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Luo C., Guo Z. W., Lai Y. X., Liao W., Liu Q., Kendrick K. M., et al. (2012). Musical training induces functional plasticity in perceptual and motor networks: insights from resting-state FMRI. PLoS ONE 7: e36568 10.1371/journal.pone.0036568 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
MacNeil L. K., Mostofsky S. H. (2012). Specificity of dyspraxia in children with autism. Neuropsychology 26, 165–171 10.1037/a0026955 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Malcolm M. P., Lavine A., Kenyon G., Massie C., Thaut M. (2008). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation interrupts phase synchronization during rhythmic motor entrainment. Neurosci. Lett. 435, 240–245 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.02.055 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Malcolm M. P., Massie C., Thaut M. (2009). Rhythmic auditory-motor entrainment improves hemiparetic arm kinematics during reaching movements: a pilot study. Top. Stroke Rehabil. 16, 69–79 10.1310/tsr1601-69 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
McIntosh G. C., Brown S. H., Rice R. R., Thaut M. H. (1997). Rhythmic auditory-motor facilitation of gait patterns in patients with Parkinson's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 62, 22–26 [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Miller R. A., Thaut M. H., McIntosh G. C., Rice R. R. (1996). Components of EMG symmetry and variability in parkinsonian and healthy elderly gait. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 101, 1–7 [PubMed]
Ming X., Brimacombe M., Wagner G. C. (2007). Prevalence of motor impairment in autism spectrum disorders. Brain Dev. 29, 563–570 10.1016/j.braindev.2007.03.002 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Minshew N. J. (1994). In vivo neuroanatomy of autism: neuroimaging studies, in The Neurobiology of Autism, eds Bauman M. L., Kemper T. L., editors. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; ), 66–85
Molinari M., Leggio M. H., Cerasa A., Thaut M. H. (2005). Sensorimotor transduction of time information is preserved in subjects with cerebellar damage. Brain Res. Bull. 67, 448–458 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.07.014 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Molinari M., Leggio M. G., Thaut M. H. (2007). The cerebellum and neural networks for rhythmic sensorimotor synchronization in the human brain. Cerebellum 6, 18–23 10.1080/14734220601142886 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Mostofsky S. H., Burgess M. P., Gidley Larson J. C. (2007). Increased motor cortex white matter volume predicts motor impairment in autism. Brain 130, 2117–2122 10.1093/brain/awm129 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Mostofsky S. H., Dubey P., Jerath V. K., Jansiewicz E. M., Goldberg M. C., Denckla M. B. (2006). Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 12, 314–326 [PubMed]
Murakami J. W., Courchesne E., Press G. A., Yeung-Courchesne R., Hesselink J. R. (1989). Reduced cerebellar hemisphere size and its relationship to vermal hypoplasia in autism. Arch. Neurol. 46, 689–694 10.1001/archneur.1989.00520420111032 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Neugebauer C. T., Serghiou M., Herndon D. N., Suman O. E. (2008). Effects of a 12-week rehabilitation program with music and exercise groups on range of motion in young children with severe burns. J. Burn Care Res. 29, 939–948 10.1097/BCR.0b013e31818b9e0e [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Nishawala M. (2012). Autism Changes in the DSM V: A Step Toward Clarifying a Confusing Diagnosis. Available online at: http://www.aboutourkids.org/articles/autism_changes_in_dsm_v_step_toward_clarifying_confusing_diagnosis
Ouimet T., Foster N. E., Tryfon A., Hyde K. L. (2012). Auditory-musical processing in autism spectrum disorders: a review of behavioral and brain imaging studies. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1252, 325–331 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06453.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Özdemir E., Norton A., Schlaug G. (2006). Shared and distinct neural correlates of singing and speaking. Neuroimage 33, 628–635 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.013 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Pascual-Leone A. (2001). The brain that plays music and is changed by it. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 930, 315–329 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb05741.x [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Patel A. D. (2011). Why would musical training benefit the neural encoding of speech? The OPERA hypothesis. Front. Psychol. 2: 142 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00142 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Penhune V. B., Zatorre R. J., Evans A. C. (1998). Cerebellar contributions to motor timing: a PET study of auditory and visual rhythm reproduction. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 10, 752–765 [PubMed]
Peretz I., Zatorre R. J. (2005). Brain organization for music processing. Ann. Rev. Psychol. 56, 89–114 10.1146/annurev.psych.56.091103.070225 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Pierce K., Courchesne E. (2001). Evidence for a cerebellar role in reduced exploration and stereotyped behavior in autism. Biol. Psychiatry 49, 655–664 [PubMed]
Prassas S. G., Thaut M. H., McIntosh G. C., Rice R. R. (1997). Effect of auditory rhythmic cuing on gait kinematic parameters in stroke patients. Gait Posture 6, 218–223
Rinehart N. J., Bradshaw J. L., Brereton A. V., Tonge B. J. (2001). Movement preparation in high-functioning autism and Asperger disorder: a serial choice reaction time task involving motor reprogramming. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 31, 79–88 [PubMed]
Rinehart N. J., Tonge B. J., Iansek R., McGinley J., Brereton A., Enticott P., et al. (2006). Gait function in newly diagnosed children with autism: cerebellar and basal ganglia related motor disorder. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 48, 819–824 10.1017/S0012162206001769 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Robinson F. R. (1995). Role of the cerebellum in movement control and adaptation. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 5, 755–762 10.1016/0959-4388(95)80103-0 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Robledo J., Donnellan A. M., Strandt-Conroy K. (2012). An exploration of sensory and movement differences from the perspective of individuals with autism. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 6: 107 10.3389/fnint.2012.00107 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Rochester L., Burn D. J., Woods G., Godwin J., Nieuwboer A. (2009). Does auditory rhythmical cueing improve gait in people with Parkinson's disease and cognitive impairment? A feasibility study. Mov. Disord. 24, 839–845 10.1002/mds.22400 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Roerdink M., Lamoth C. J. C., Kwakkel G., van Wieringen P. C. W., Beek P. J. (2007). Gait coordination after stroke: benefits of acoustically paced treadmill walking. Phys. Ther. 87, 1009–1022 10.2522/ptj.20050394 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Roerdink M., Lamoth C. J. C., van Kordelaar J., Elich P., Konijnenbelt M., Kwakkel G., et al. (2009). Rhythm perturbations in acoustically paced treadmill walking after stroke. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 23, 668–678 10.1177/1545968309332879 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Rossignol S., Melvill Jones G. (1976). Audiospinal influences in man studied by the h-reflex and its possible role in rhythmic movement synchronized to sound. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 41, 203–208 [PubMed]
Schlaug G., Forgeard M., Zhu L., Norton A., Norton A., Winner E. (2009a). Training-induced neuroplasticity in young children. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1169, 205–208 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04842.x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Schlaug G., Marchina S., Norton A. (2009b). Evidence for plasticity in white-matter tracts of patients with chronic Broca's aphasia undergoing intense intonation-based speech therapy. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1169, 385–394 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04587.x [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Schmahmann J. D., Pandya D. N. (2008). Disconnection syndromes of basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebrocerebellar systems. Cortex 44, 1037–1066 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.04.004 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Schmidt R. (1968). Anticipation and timing in human motor performance. Psychol. Bull. 70, 631–646
Schmitz C., Martineau J., Barthelemy C., Assaiante C. (2003). Motor control and children with autism: deficit of anticipatory function? Neurosci. Lett. 348, 17–20 10.1016/S0304-3940(03)00644-X [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Sparks B. F., Friedman S. D., Shaw D. W., Aylward E. H., Echelard D., Artru A. A., et al. (2002). Brain structural abnormalities in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Neurology 59, 184–192 [PubMed]
Stanutz S., Wapnick J., Burack J. (2012). Pitch discrimination and melodic memory in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. [Epub ahead of print]. 10.1177/1362361312462905 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Staples K. L., Reid G. (2010). Fundamental movement skills and autism spectrum disorders. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 40, 209–217 10.1007/s10803-009-0854-9 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Stephan K. M., Thaut M. H., Wunderlich G., Schicks W., Tian B., Tellmann L., et al. (2002). Conscious and subconscious sensorimotor synchronization–prefrontal cortex and the influence of awareness. Neuroimage 15, 345–352 10.1006/nimg.2001.0929 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Sutton K. (1984). The development and implementation of a music therapy physiological measures test. J. Music Ther. 21, 160–169
Tecchio F., Salustri C., Thaut M. H., Pasqualetti P., Rossini P. M. (2000). Conscious and preconscious adaptation to rhythmic auditory stimuli: a magnetoencephalographic study of human brain responses. Exp. Brain Res. 135, 222–230 10.1007/s002210000507 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Teitelbaum P., Teitelbaum O., Fryman J., Maurer R. (2002). Infantile reflexes gone astray in autism. J. Dev. Learn Disord. 6, 15–22 10.1073/pnas.0403919101 [Cross Ref]
Teitelbaum P., Teitelbaum O., Nye J., Fryman J., Maurer R. (1998). Movement analysis in infancy may be useful for early diagnosis of autism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 13982–13987 10.1073/pnas.95.23.13982 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H. (1988). Rhythmic intervention techniques in music therapy with gross motor dysfunction. Arts Psychother. 15, 127–137
Thaut M. H. (2005). Rhythm, Music, and the Brain. London: Taylor and Francis
Thaut M. H., Abiru M. (2010). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in rehabilitation of movement disorders: a review of current research. Music Percept. 27, 263–269
Thaut M. H., DeMartin M., Sanes J. N. (2008). Brain networks for integrative rhythm formation. PLoS ONE 3: e2312 10.1371/journal.pone.0002312 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H., Kenyon G. P., Hurt C. P., McIntosh G. C., Hoemberg V. (2002). Kinematic optimization of spatiotemporal patterns in paretic arm training with stroke patients. Neuropsychologia 40, 1073–1081 10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00141-5 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H., Kenyon G. P., Schauer M. L., McIntosh G. C. (1999a). The connection between rhythmicity and brain function: implications for therapy of movement disorders. Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 18, 101–108 [PubMed]
Thaut M. H., Miltner R., Lange H. W., Hurt C. P., Hoemberg V. (1999b). Velocity modulation and rhythmic synchronization of gait in Huntington's disease. Mov. Disord. 14, 808–819 [PubMed]
Thaut M. H., McIntosh K. H., McIntosh G. C., Hoemberg V. (2001). Auditory rhythmicity enhances movement and speech motor control in patients with Parkinson's disease. Funct. Neurol. 16, 163–172 [PubMed]
Thaut M. H., McIntosh G. C., Rice R. R. (1997). Rhythmic facilitation of gait training in hemiparetic stroke rehabilitation. J. Neurol. Sci. 151, 207–212 [PubMed]
Thaut M. H., McIntosh G. C., Rice R. R., Miller R. A., Rathbun J., Brault J. M. (1996). Rhythmic auditory stimulation in gait training for Parkinson's disease patients. Mov. Disord. 11, 193–200 10.1002/mds.870110213 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H., Peterson D. A., McIntosh G. C. (2005). Temporal entrainment of cognitive functions: musical mnemonics induce brain plasticity and oscillatory synchrony in neural networks underlying memory. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1060, 243–254 10.1196/annals.1360.017 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Thaut M. H., Stephan K. M., Wunderlich G., Schicks W., Tellmann L., Herzog H., et al. (2009). Distinct cortico-cerebellar activations in rhythmic auditory motor synchronization. Cortex 45, 44–53 10.1016/j.cortex.2007.09.009 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Vanvuchelen M., Roeyers H., De Weerdt W. (2007). Nature of motor imitation problems in school-aged boys with autism: a motor or a cognitive problem? Autism 11, 225–240 10.1177/1362361307076846 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Vernazza-Martin S., Martin N., Vernazza A., Lepellec-Muller A., Rufo M., Massion J., et al. (2005). Goal directed locomotion and balance control in autistic children. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 35, 91–102 10.1007/s10803-004-1037-3 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Wan C. Y., Bazen L., Baars R., Libenson A., Zipse L., Zuk J., et al. (2011). Auditory-motor mapping training as an intervention to facilitate speech output in non-verbal children with autism: a proof of concept study. PLoS ONE 6: e25505 10.1371/journal.pone.0025505 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Whitall J., Waller S. M., Sorkin J. D., Forrester L. W., Macko R. F., Hanley D. F., et al. (2011). Bilateral and unilateral arm training improve motor function through differing neuroplastic mechanisms: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 25, 118–129 10.1177/1545968310380685 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Whyatt C. P., Craig C. M. (2012). Motor skills in children aged 7-10 years, diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. J. Autism Dev. Disord. 42, 1799–1809 10.1007/s10803-011-1421-8 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Wing L., Gould J., Gillberg C. (2011). Autism spectrum disorders in the DSM-V: better or worse than the DSM-IV? Res. Dev. Disabil. 32, 768–773 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.11.003 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Zatorre R. J., Chen J. L., Penhune V. B. (2007). When the brain plays music: auditory-motor interactions in music perception and production. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 547–558 10.1038/nrn2152 [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
